Association of vitamin E intake and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels with cognitive function in elderly residing at the Budi Mulia Tresna Werdha nursing home, East DKI Jakarta
Abstract
Background: Cognitive dysfunction is one of the health problems associated with elderly. Oxidative stress is thought to play a role in the neurodegenerative process through increased production of free radicals that cause nerve cell damage. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that protects cell membranes from oxidative damage, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) is a biomarker of oxidative stress produced by lipid peroxidation. The objective of this study is to analyze the association of vitamin E intake and MDA levels with cognitive function among elderly residents of Budi Mulia 1 Nursing Home in DKI Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: This secondary study employed a cross-sectional design using data derived from a primary study investigating the association between zinc intake, superoxide dismutase activity, and cognitive function among elderly. A total of 85 participants met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Vitamin E intake was assessed using a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), plasma MDA levels were measured from stored plasma samples, and cognitive function was evaluated using the Indonesian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina). Results: The median age of the participants was 69 years (range: 60–91 years). The median vitamin E intake, plasma MDA level, and cognitive function score were 3.7 mg/day (2.5–3.8), 2.85 nmol/mL (1.88–6.77), and 16 (1–30), respectively. No significant association was found between vitamin E intake and cognitive function (r = 0.027; p = 0.806), nor between plasma MDA levels and cognitive function (r = 0.096; p = 0.380). Conclusion: There was no significant association between vitamin E intake or plasma MDA levels and cognitive function among elderly.Downloads
References
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 13 Tahun 1998 tentang Kesejahteraan Lanjut Usia.
World Health Organization. Ageing and health [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; [cited 2025 Feb]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health.
Sari NR, Nugroho SW, Sulistyowati R, Agustina R, Yulianto KT, Anggraeni G. Statistik Penduduk Lanjut Usia 2024. Vol. 21. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik; 2024.
Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Jumlah lembaga pelayanan kesejahteraan sosial milik masyarakat/swasta dan binaan menurut jenis lembaga di Provinsi DKI Jakarta, 2018–2021 [Internet]. Jakarta: BPS Provinsi DKI Jakarta; [cited 2025 Feb]. Available from: https://jakarta.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/NjE4IzI=/jumlah-lembaga-pelayanan.
Wahyudi MZ. Siapkah menyongsong era lansia? [Internet]. Jakarta: Kompas; 2019 [cited 2025 Feb]. Available from: https://interaktif.kompas.id/baca/siapkah-menyongsong-era-lansia.
Reynolds CF 3rd, Jeste DV, Sachdev PS, Blazer DG. Mental health care for older adults: recent advances and new directions in clinical practice and research. World Psychiatry. 2022; 21(3): 336–363.
Kirova AM, Bays RB, Lagalwar S. Working memory and executive function decline across normal aging, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:1-9.
Rekawati E, Eriska W, Rachmawati U, Wati DNK, Sahar J, Andriyanti A, et al. Cognitive function and its determinants in elderly Indonesians residing in long-term care: Insights from a cross-sectional study. F1000Research. 2024, 13:1384.
Akhgarjand C, Hashemi R, Amini M, Rasekhi H, Farazandeh D, Etesam F, et al., The relationship between micronutrients and cognitive ability in an elderly population with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease: a cross-sectional study. BMC Neurol. 2024;24:416.
Devarshi PP, Gustafson K, Grant RW, Mitmesser SH. Higher intake of certain nutrients among older adults is associated with better cognitive function: an analysis of NHANES 2011–2014. BMC Nutr. 2023;9(1):142.
Devore EE, Grodstein F, van Rooij FJA, Hofman A, Stampfer MJ, Witteman JCM, et al. Dietary antioxidants and long-term risk of dementia. Arch Neurol. 2010;67(7):819-825.
Power R, Nolan JM, Prado-Cabrero A, Roche W, Coen R, Power T, et al. Omega-3 fatty acid, carotenoid and vitamin E supplementation improves working memory in older adults: a randomised clinical trial. Clin Nutr. 2022;41(2):405-414.
Bergin P, Leggett A, Cardwell CR, Woodside JV, Thakkinstian A, Maxwell AP, et al. The effects of vitamin E supplementation on malondialdehyde as a biomarker of oxidative stress in haemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Nephrol. 2021;22(1):126.
Vasei FM, Zamanian MY, Golmohammadi M, Mahmoodi M, Khademalhosseini M, Tavakoli T, et al. The impact of vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress, cognitive functions, and aging-related gene expression in aged mice. Food Sci Nutr. 2024;12:9834-9845.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 28 Tahun 2019 tentang Angka Kecukupan Gizi yang dianjurkan untuk Masyarakat Indonesia. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2019.
Hartati NS. Hubungan kadar vitamin E serum dengan fungsi kognitif pada lanjut usia [tesis]. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia; 2015.
Ayudiah RU, Dinda TS, Felly T. Stres oksidatif dan penyakitnya [Internet]. 2023 Jan [cited 2025 Feb]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366903090.
Ayala A, Muñoz M, Argüelles S. Lipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014;2014:360438.
Gropper SS, Smith JL, Carr TP. Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism. 8th ed. Boston (MA): Cengage Learning; 2022.
Ortega RM, Requejo AM, López-Sobaler AM, Andrés P, Navia B, Perea JM, et al. Cognitive function in elderly people is influenced by vitamin E status. J Nutr. 2002;132(7):2065-2068.
Khuzaimah R, Witjaksono F, Hardiany NS. The correlation between zinc intake and superoxide dismutase activity with cognitive function in the elderly. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2025;25(1):506-514. doi:10.18295/2075-0528.2866.
Rolfes SR, Pinna K, Whitney E. Understanding normal and clinical nutrition. 10th ed. Belmont (CA): Wadsworth; 2015.
Cordiano R, Di Gioacchino M, Mangifesta R, Panzera C, Gangemi S, Minciullo PL. Malondialdehyde as a potential oxidative stress marker for allergy-oriented diseases: an update. Molecules. 2023;28(16):5979. doi:10.3390/molecules28165979.
Çetin E, Top EC, Şahin G, Ozkaya YG, Aydin H, Toraman F. Effect of vitamin E supplementation with exercise on cognitive functions and total antioxidant capacity in older people. J Nutr Health Aging. 2010;14(9):763-9. doi:10.1007/s12603-010-0256-x.
Grundman M. Vitamin E and Alzheimer disease: the basis for additional clinical trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71(2 Suppl):630S-636S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/71.2.630S.
Farina N, Llewellyn D, Isaac MGEKN, Tabet N. Vitamin E for Alzheimer's dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;4(4):CD002854. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002854.pub5.
Zingg JM. Vitamin E [Internet]. In: Gibson RS, editor. Principles of nutritional assessment. 3rd ed. Dunedin. University of Otago; 2026 [cited 2026 Jun]. Available from: https://nutritionalassessment.org/vitamine/.
Ioannidou S, Tsolaki M, Ginoudis A, Tamvakis A, Tsolaki A, Makedou K, et al. Oxidative stress biomarkers as preclinical markers of mild cognitive impairment: the impact of age and sex. J Pers Med. 2025;15(5):171. doi:10.3390/jpm15050171.
Puri S, Shaheen M, Grover B. Nutrition and cognitive health: a life course approach. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1023907. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1023907.
Abdul Sani NF, Ahmad Damanhuri HA, Amir Hamzah AIZ, Abu Bakar ZH, Tan JK, Noor Aripin KN, et al. DNA damage and protein oxidation associated with ageing correlate with cognitive dysfunction in a Malaysian population. Free Radic Res. 2018;52(9):1000-1009. doi:10.1080/10715762.2018.1504300.
Papathanasiou IV, Fradelos EC, Malli F, Stefanidis I, Zintzaras E, Doxani C. A systematic review of observational studies assessing the impact of oxidative stress in cognitive decline. Wiad Lek. 2021;74(8):1995-2003.
Submitted
Copyright (c) 2026 Ria Angelia Putri, Novi Silvia Hardiany, Erfi Prafiantini
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
World Nutrition Journal provides immediate open access to its content under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). This permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
